Universities in Canada: QS 2027 Rankings, Study Permit and PGWP Rules for International Students
Canada’s top universities by QS 2027, plus 2026 study permit funds (CAD 23,448), PAL rules, the 24-hour work limit and more.
Christian Chinonso
First, Second and Third Division Percentage in India (By Board)
No national rule: first division starts at 60% in every scheme we found, second at 45–50%, third at 30–40%. See which division your percentage is.
How to Calculate GPA in India: CGPA Formula, Percentage and Calculator
India has no single GPA: most universities use a 10-point CGPA. Multiply grade points by credits, divide by total credits. Worked example and free calculator.
PhD Grading in the UK: Viva Voce, Possible Outcomes and Why There Is No GPA
UK PhDs have no grade. See the thesis and viva voce process, the possible outcomes and correction times, word limits and how long a PhD takes.
Scotland Grading System: National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher Explained
Scottish grades explained: National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher (A–D, notional 70% for A), SCQF levels, UCAS points, Aberdeen’s 0–22 scale and GPA readings.
German Grading System: The 1.0–5.0 Scale, Pass Mark and GPA Conversion
Germany grades 1.0 (best) to 4.0 (lowest pass); 5.0 fails. See the Abitur points, the Bavarian formula and how to read German grades as a US GPA.
Swiss GPA: How the 1–6 Scale Works and How US Schools Read It
Swiss grades run 1–6, and 4.0 is a pass. See how ETH, EPFL, Geneva and Bern grade, what a 4.5 means, and why no official Swiss-to-US GPA table exists.
Italy GPA Conversion: How 18–30 Exam Grades and 66–110 Degree Marks Are Read
Italy has no official US GPA table. See the 18–30 exam scale, how the 66–110 degree mark is built, and what 105/110 or 110 e lode means.
Spain Grading System: the 0–10 Scale, Matrícula de Honor and How US Schools Read It
Spain’s 0–10 scale under Royal Decree 1125/2003: Suspenso to Sobresaliente, Matrícula de Honor limits, how averages work and why no US formula exists.
Philippines GPA: the Reverse 1.0–5.0 Scale, Grade Equivalents and Latin Honors
How the Philippine 1.0–5.0 scale works, what UP’s 1.00 to 5.00 grades mean, UP’s percentage conversion formula and more